Using Graphical LCD with PIC16F877A

[zhenning]

make sure your configuration bits are correct. some might be different

[ABSF]

I don think you mean protocol. Protocol mean the method to communicate between 2 nodes or software layers.

Yes, definitely C18 and C compiler for PIC16F is different, but I don think is the protocol. Maybe we can study what is being done in those functions such as initialize, sending graphic to LCD.

Yes, I agree. I think he meant the syntax and the .h files are fifferent for the two compilers.

But basically what he has to do is understanding what the C18 program is doing and extract the parts that he wants and translate it the Hi Tech C 16F way and it should work. Otherwise how my GLCD can work with the 16F57?

PICTRAIL, Why not just attach your program here and let others decide what's wrong with your modified program.... I think that would be more fruitful then just dry discussions.

Allen

[PICTRAIL]

Hi,
I modify cytron PR21 program for my PIC16. After simulation i got this error:

Warning [374] C:\Users\Sean\Downloads\Source Code PR21\Source Code PR21\PR21.c; 68.5 missing basic type; int assumed
Error [314] C:\Users\Sean\Downloads\Source Code PR21\Source Code PR21\PR21.c; 68.5 ";" expected
Warning [374] C:\Users\Sean\Downloads\Source Code PR21\Source Code PR21\PR21.c; 271.5 missing basic type; int assumed
Error [314] C:\Users\Sean\Downloads\Source Code PR21\Source Code PR21\PR21.c; 271.5 ";" expected

I need someone to help me on this. What do i need to do to solve the problem. I notice those error occur at the graphic code assignment.

rom char graphic[3][1024]
rom char icon [8]

The code is attached below.

CODE: SELECT_ALL_CODE

//===========================================================================================
//   Author            :CYTRON   TECHNOLOGIES
//   Project            :DIY Project(PR21-Gaming with Accerlerometer)
//   Project description   :Use PIC18F452 microcontroller together with the ADXL330
//                   accelerometer to measure the gravity force and DS-LCD-TG12864B-03
//                       Graphical LCD (GLCD) for display.
//===========================================================================================


//===========================================================================================
//   Include
//===========================================================================================
#include <pic.h>

//============================================================================================
//   Configuration
//============================================================================================

__CONFIG ( 0x3F32 );      //configuration for the  microcontroller

//===========================================================================================               
//   Define
//============================================================================================
#define   lcd_data   PORTD                  //LCD 8-bit data PORT
#define   rst         RC4
#define   rs         RC5            //RS pin of the LCD display
#define   rw         RC6            //R/W pin of the LCD display   
#define   e         RC7            //E pin of the LCD display
#define psb         RC3
#define   b_light      RC2            //backlight of the LCD display (1 to on backlight)

#define   buzzer      RC0            //buzzer (1 to on buzzer)
#define   sw1         RB0            //button (active low)
#define   sw2         RB1            //button (active low)
#define z_axis       RA0
#define y_axis       RA1
#define   x_axis      RA2            
#define preset      RA4
#define st          RB2

#define   channel0     0b10000001               // Configuration for read ADC channel 0 (RA0)
#define   channel1    0b10001001               // Configuration for read ADC channel 1 (RA1)
#define   channel2   0b10010001               // Configuration for read ADC channel 2 (RA2)



//==============================================================================================
// variable
//==============================================================================================
int xaxis ,yaxis, zaxis,p;
int x_off,y_off,z_off;

char d_data, d_data1;
char p_x,p_y;
unsigned int sens = 500;
signed long x_velo=0,y_velo=0,x_dis=0,y_dis=0,last_x=0,last_y=0;

char test[] = {"testing0"};
char cali [] = {"  CALIBRATE...  "};
char mssg1[] = {"  LET IT FLAT "};
char mssg2[] = {" AND PRESS SW1 "};
char mssg3[] = {"FREESPACE      "};
char mssg4[] = {"FRICTION       "};

//==============================================================================================
// Graphic Picture Data
//==============================================================================================
rom char graphic[3][1024] = {{
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},
{
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}
};

//=====================================================================================
//Icon graphic data
//=====================================================================================
rom char icon [8] = { 0x00,0x18,0x3C,0x7E,0x7E,0x3C,0x18,0x00};

//=====================================================================================
//   function prototype            (every function must have a function prototype)
//=====================================================================================
void init(void);
void delay(unsigned long data);         
void send_config(unsigned char data);
void lcd_read(char x, char y);
void send_char(unsigned char data);
void lcd_goto(unsigned char data);
void lcd_clr(void);
void send_string(const char *s);

void lcd_xy(unsigned char x,unsigned char y);
void d_graphic(char k);
void clr_graphic(void);
void d_icon(int x,int y);   
void freespace(void);
void friction(void);
void box(void);
void calibrate(void);

unsigned int read_adc(char config);



//==================================================================================
//   main function               (main fucntion of the program)
//===================================================================================
void main(void)
{
   //assign variable
   unsigned char i=0,database;            
   unsigned char data[10];
   unsigned int m,j;

   init();
   d_graphic(0);                           //display cytron logo
/*   delay(300000);                           //delay for pic display

   // display claibrating messages
   send_config(0b00110000);                  //set to function set configuration
   lcd_clr();                              //clear the lcd
   send_string(cali);                        //display string
   lcd_goto (8);                           //cursor at 3rd character line
   send_string(mssg1);                        //display string mssg1
   lcd_goto(24);                           //cursor at 4th  character line
   send_string(mssg2);                        //display string mssg2

   while(sw1);                              //wait for button pushed
   while(!sw1);                           //wait for button release
   calibrate();                           //taking the current force as reference for flat plane
   lcd_clr();                              //clear the lcd
   

   lcd_goto(1);                           //cursor at 3rd character, 1st character line
   send_string(mssg3);                        //display string mssg3
   lcd_goto(17);                           //cursor at 3rd character, 2st character line
   send_string(mssg4);                        //display string mssg4
   lcd_goto(0);                           //cursor at 1st character, 1st character line
   send_char(0x10);                        //display symbol arrow
   m =0 ;                                 //set the variable 0

   while(1)                              //loop forever
   {

      if (!sw1)                           //if sw1 is pressed, increase mode
      {
         while(!sw1);                     //wait until sw1 is release
         m++;                           //increament m
         if (m>1) m=0;                     //if m more than 1 , clear m

         if (m==1)                         //if m is 1
         {
            lcd_goto(0);                  //cursor at 1st line
            send_char('  ');               //space 1st and 2nd character , 1st line
            lcd_goto(16);                  //cursor at 2nd line
            send_char(0x10);               //display arrow at 2nd charater, 2nd line
         }
         else
         {
            lcd_goto(0);                  //cursor at 1st line
            send_char(0x10);               //display arrow at 2nd charater, 1st line
            lcd_goto(16);                  //cursor at 2nd line
            send_char('  ');               //space 1st and 2nd character , 2nd line
         }
      }

      else if (!sw2)                        //if sw is pressed
      {
         while(!sw2);                     //wait until sw2 is released
         lcd_clr();                        //clear all character
         clr_graphic();                     //clear all graphic

         // 16 bit timer initial status and start timer
         TMR0H = 194;                     // value for timer reach overflow in 50 ms for clock 10MIPS      
         TMR0L = 246;
         T0CONbits.TMR0ON = 1;               //start timer

         while(1)                        //loop forever
         {
            if (INTCONbits.TMR0IF==1)         //if timer over flow ( occur every 50 ms) // to update data every 50 ms
            {
               INTCONbits.TMR0IF==0;         //clear the flag bit
               TMR0H=194;                  //value for timer reach overflow in 50 ms for clock 10MIPS      
               TMR0L=246;
               if (m==1) friction();         //if mode is 1 , the do calculation friction, else do calculation freespace.
               else    freespace();         //update the data ( required for more accurate intergration ( faster, more accurate ))

               i++;                     //increment variable i
            }
               
            if (i==10)                      //if i reach ten ( around 500 ms) update the icon position
            {
               if((x_dis/sens >60)||(x_dis/sens<-60)||(y_dis/sens>28)||(y_dis/sens<-28))   //if the icon position not in range of glcd
               {                                                               //mean 'the ball drop out from glcd'
                  d_graphic(1);            //display graphic
                  delay(300000);            //dealy for display the graphic
                  d_graphic(2);            //display another graphic
                  delay(300000);            
                   while(1);
               }
               d_icon(60-(x_dis/sens),28+(y_dis/sens));            //display icon at updated x,y position
               i=0;                     //clear the variable i
            }
         }
      }   
   }*/
}

//==============================================================================
//initialization
//===============================================================================================================================

void init()
{
   //set I/O input output
   TRISD = 0b00000000;               //configure PORTB I/O direction
   TRISC = 0b00000000;               //configure PORTC I/O direction
   TRISB = 0b00000011;
   TRISA = 0b00111111;               //configure PORTA I/O direction
   
   // ADC configuration   
   ADCON1 = 0b11000011;            //set all portA as Analog Input, right justified   

   //Timer 0 configuration
   //T0CON = 0b00000100;               //prescale 1: 32


   // setup for pwm               //For controlling back light
   PR2 = 255;
   T2CON =     0b00000100;            //prescale 1:
   CCP1CON =   0b00001100;            //Configuration for pwm
   CCP2CON =   0b00001100;

   //configure lcd
   rst = 0;
   rst = 1;
   delay (100000);                  
   psb  = 1;

   //basic instruction config
   send_config(0b00110000);         //function set
   lcd_clr();                     //clear display at lcd
   send_config(0b00000010);         //lcd return to home
   send_config(0b00000110);         //entry mode-cursor increase 1
   send_config(0b00001100);         //display on, cursor off and cursor blink off

   //set initial condition
   send_config(0b00110100);         //extended function set
   send_config(0b00000010);
   send_config(0b00000100);
   send_config(0b00110000);         //function set
   
   lcd_clr();                     //clear lcd
   CCPR1L = 50;                  //set the brightness of the back lcd

}


//   functions
//===============================================================================================================================
void beep(void)                     //short beep function
{
   buzzer=1;                     //on buzzer
   delay(10000);                  //short delay
   buzzer=0;                     //off buzzer
   delay(10000);                  //short delay
}

//calculation for freespace
//===============================================================================================================================
void freespace(void)               
{
   xaxis=read_adc(channel0);                     //read the force acting on x axis
   yaxis=read_adc(channel1);                     //reat the force acting on y axis

   xaxis-=x_off;                              //offset with value obtain before game start
   yaxis-=y_off;                              //offset with value obtain before game start

   if (((last_x-xaxis)==1)||((xaxis-last_x)==1)) xaxis=0;   //filter noise
   if (((last_y-yaxis)==1)||((last_y-yaxis)==-1)) yaxis=0;   //filter noise

   x_velo+=xaxis/2;                           //intergrate the force resultance velocity
   y_velo+=yaxis/2;                           //intergrate the force resultance velocity

   x_dis+=x_velo;                              //intergrate the velocity resultance distance
   y_dis+=y_velo;                              //intergrate the velocity resultance distance
}

//calculation for constant friction (
//===============================================================================================================================
void friction(void)
{
   xaxis=read_adc(channel0);                     //read the force acting on x axis
   yaxis=read_adc(channel1);                     //reat the force acting on y axis

   xaxis-=x_off;                              //offset with value obtain before game start
   yaxis-=y_off;                              //offset with value obtain before game start

   if (((last_x-xaxis)==1)||((xaxis-last_x)==1)) xaxis=0;      //filter noise
   if (((last_y-yaxis)==1)||((last_y-yaxis)==-1)) yaxis=0;      //filter noise

   x_velo+=xaxis/2;                           //intergrate the force resultance velocity
   y_velo+=yaxis/2;                           //intergrate the force resultance velocity

   if(x_velo>0) x_velo--;                        //decreace the velocity ( making like having friction force )
   else if (x_velo<0) x_velo++;
   
   if(y_velo>0) y_velo--;
   else if (y_velo<0) y_velo++;

   x_dis += x_velo;                           //intergrate the velocity resultance distance
   y_dis += y_velo;                           //intergrate the velocity resultance distance
}

// ADC function
//===============================================================================================================================
unsigned int read_adc(char config)
{
   unsigned short i;
   unsigned long result ,result_temp=0;

   ADCON0 = config;
   delay(1000);                              // delay after changing configuration
   for(i=20;i>0;i-=1)                           //looping 200 times for getting average value
   {
      ADCON0bits.GO = 1;                        //ADGO is the bit 2 of the ADCON0 register
      while(ADCON0bits.GO==1);                  //ADC start, ADGO=0 after finish ADC progress
      result=ADRESH;
      result=result<<8;                        //shift to left for 8 bit
      result=result|ADRESL;                     //10 bit result from ADC

      result_temp+=result;      
   }
   result = result_temp/20;                     //getting average value
   ADCON0bits.ADON = 0;                        //adc module is shut off
   return result;
}

void calibrate(void)
{
      x_off = read_adc(channel0);                  //read x_axis accelero value and save as offset
      y_off = read_adc(channel1);                  //read x_axis accelero value and save as offset
      z_off = read_adc(channel2);                  //read x_axis accelero value and save as offset
}



// LCD function
// Config function
//===============================================================================================================================
void delay(unsigned long data)                     //delay function, the delay time
{                                          //depend on the given value
   for( ;data>0;data-=1);   
}

void send_config(unsigned char data)               //send lcd configuration
{
   rw=0;                                    //set lcd to write mode
   rs=0;                                    //set lcd to configuration mode
   lcd_data=data;                              //lcd data port = data
   e=1;                                    //pulse e to confirm the data
   delay(20);
   e=0;
   delay(20);
}

void send_char(unsigned char data)                  //send lcd character
{
    rw=0;                                    //set lcd to write mode
   rs=1;                                    //set lcd to display mode
   lcd_data=data;                              //lcd data port = data
   e=1;                                    //pulse e to confirm the data
   delay(20);      
   e=0;
   delay(20);
}


// char function (make sure is in basic function before use lcd function)
//===============================================================================================================================

void lcd_goto(unsigned char data)                  //set the location of the lcd cursor
{                              
       send_config(0x80+data);      
// -----------------------------------------------------
// | |00|01|02|03|04|05|06|07| |                   //1 location can store 2 character
// | |17|18|19|...........|15| |
// | |09|10|11|...........|23| |
// | |24|.................|31| |
// -----------------------------------------------------   
}

void lcd_clr(void)                              //clear the lcd
{   
    send_config(0x01);
   delay(600);   
}

void send_string(const char *s)                     //send a string to display in the lcd
{         
   unsigned char i=0;
     while (s && *s)send_char (*s++);
}



void function( char data)                        //1 for extention , 0 for basic  * must off graphic before go back basic function
{
   send_config(0x30 |data << 2);
}


// graphic function ( make sure in extention function before use grapchic funcion )
//===============================================================================================================================
// CGRAM map for GLCD Display

//         y               x (column )
//   row      |    0   | 1   | 2   | 3   | 4   | 5   | 6   | 7   |
//   0     0   |UB   |LB   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
//   1     1   |      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
//   2     2   |      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
//   3     3   |      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
//        '   |      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
//        '   |      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
//        '   |      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
//   31    31   |_______|___|___|___|___|___|___|___|
//         |     8   | 9 |10   |11   |12   |13   |14   |15   |
//   32     0   |UB   |LB   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
//   33     1   |      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
//   34     2   |      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
//   35     3   |      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
//        '   |      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
//        '   |      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
//        '   |      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
//   63    31   |      |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |

// UB - upper byte , LB - lower byte
// To write an LB, UB must wrote first.


// display an icon at position x,y
void d_icon(int x,int y)                        //display first bit of 8x8 icon at x,y position
{
   char i,j;

   if (p_x%16 <8)                              //if x position is on upper byte of 16 bit
   {
      for (j=0;j<8;j++)                        //repeat for 8 vertical line
      {
         lcd_xy(p_x/16,(p_y+j)%64);               //go to the location and y is re-adjust after adding j ( > 64 after adding j )
         send_char(0);                        //send upperbyte with shifting according to the x position
         send_char(0);                        //send lowerbyte with shifting according to the x position
      }
   }

   else
   {
      for (j=0;j<8;j++)
      {
         lcd_xy(p_x/16,(p_y+j)%64);               //go to the location and y is re-adjust after adding j ( > 64 after adding j )
         send_char (0);                        //send dummy data to the upperbyte
         send_char(0);                        //send lowerbyte data with shifting according to the x position
         if(p_x/16 == 7) lcd_xy(0,p_y+j);
         send_char(0);                        //send upperbyte of the next 'x' with shifting according to the x position
      }
   }



   if (x%16 <8)                              //if x position is on upper byte of 16 bit
   {
      for (j=0;j<8;j++)                        //repeat for 8 vertical line
      {
         lcd_xy(x/16,(y+j)%64);                  //go to the location and y is re-adjust after adding j ( > 64 after adding j )
         send_char(icon[j]>> x%8);               //send upperbyte with shifting according to the x position
         send_char(icon[j]<< (8-x%8));            //send lowerbyte with shifting according to the x position
      }
   }

   else
   {
      for (j=0;j<8;j++)
      {
         lcd_xy(x/16,(y+j)%64);                  //go to the location and y is re-adjust after adding j ( > 64 after adding j )
         send_char (0);                        //send dummy data to the upperbyte
         send_char(icon[j]>> x%8);               //send lowerbyte data with shifting according to the x position
         if(x/16 == 7) lcd_xy(0,y+j);
         send_char(icon[j]<< (8-x%8));            //send upperbyte of the next 'x' with shifting according to the x position
      }   
   }
   p_x = x;                                 //save as previous location
   p_y= y;                                    //save as previous location

}


void lcd_xy(unsigned char x,unsigned char y)         //set the xy position for graphic
{
      if( y >= 32)
      {                                    //if vertical more or equal 32
         send_config(0x80+y-32);                  //adjust the vertical line
         send_config(0x80+x+8);                  //for more detail refer GDRAM in user manual
      }

      else
      {
          send_config(0x80+y);                  //vertical (Y) max 63
         send_config(0x80+x);                  //horizontal (X) max 8 (horizontal is divided by 16 bit data (represented in 2 bytes))
      }
}


// display the picture according to the data array defined
//===============================================================================================================================
void d_graphic(char k)
{
   unsigned int i,j,y;
   send_config(0b00111100);                              //set to extention mode nad graphic off

   y = 0b10000000;                                       //set y as vertical configuration

   for(j = 0; j <32 ; j++)                                 //32 line
   {
      send_config(y++);                                 //increase line
      send_config(0b10000000);                           //set add back to 0
      for(i=0;i<16;i++)send_char(graphic[k][i+j*16]);            //display first half

      for(i=0;i<16;i++)send_char(graphic[k][i+512+j*16]);         //display second half **since the x add is increased more than 7. See CGRAM map above or refer user manual for CGRAM map for more detail.
   }

   send_config(0b00111110);                              //set to extention mode and graphic on
}

// clear all the graphic
//===============================================================================================================================
void clr_graphic()
{
   unsigned int i,j,y;
   send_config (0b00111100);                              //set to extention mode and graphic off

   y = 0b10000000;                                       //set y as vertical configuration
   for(j = 0; j <32 ; j++)                                 //32 line
   {
      send_config(y++);                                 //increase line
      send_config(0b10000000);                           //set add back to 0
      for(i=0;i<32;i++)send_char(0);                        //clear all
   }
   send_config(0b00111110);                              //set to extention mode and graphic on
}

Thanks.

[kl84]

Try to replace rom with const... if not mistaken, any variable declared as const is saved in rom.

[PICTRAIL]

Wow!!! Thank you so much. It works like magic......

[PICTRAIL]

Hi, here i come again. I added some more graphics but after compiling i got this error...

Error [499] ; 0. undefined symbol:
_d_graphic(EASy.obj)

anyone with solution to that?...

Thanks for your kind help.

[shiyan]

Hi, here i come again. I added some more graphics but after compiling i got this error...

Error [499] ; 0. undefined symbol:
_d_graphic(EASy.obj)

anyone with solution to that?...

Thanks for your kind help.

Obviously the function name "d_graphic()" have problem. It is not define, or the library is not included properly. Another possible reason, you change from PIC18F to PIC16F...... program memory not sufficient to compile until the definition?

[ABSF]

Hi, here i come again. I added some more graphics but after compiling i got this error...

Error [499] ; 0. undefined symbol:
_d_graphic(EASy.obj)

anyone with solution to that?...

Thanks for your kind help.

Obviously the function name "d_graphic()" have problem. It is not define, or the library is not included properly. Another possible reason, you change from PIC18F to PIC16F...... program memory not sufficient to compile until the definition?

Agree with shiyan, the 18F452 has 16KW while 16F877 has only 8KW of program memories. The demo program used up about 8.5KW of the 18F flash. Each graphic screen would use up 1KW of flash. So you have to delete some part of the unused program in order to fit in your graphic data.

BTW what is "EASy.obj" ? Was it an .obj file OR a numeric between 0-255? The function d_graphic will only accept "(char K)" as its parameter.

Allen

[PICTRAIL]

Thanks Allen,
Shiyan was right... I forgot to include the function name d_graphics(). After putting it, it works well. Btw, easy.obj is an object file from my project name.

Thanks everyone...